Hüpokseemiat

Hypoxemia refers to an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. This condition occurs when the body cannot adequately oxygenate the blood as it passes through the lungs. The primary role of red blood cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. When blood oxygen levels are insufficient, these tissues and organs may not receive enough oxygen to function properly.

Several factors can lead to hypoxemia. Respiratory diseases are a common cause, including conditions like pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary embolism. These ailments can impair the lungs' ability to transfer oxygen from the air into the bloodstream. Other causes include certain heart conditions that affect blood circulation, high altitude environments where oxygen concentration is lower, and sleep apnea, where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. Additionally, some medications, particularly opioids and sedatives, can depress respiratory function and lead to hypoxemia.

Symptoms of hypoxemia can vary depending on its severity and the individual's overall health. Mild hypoxemia might manifest as shortness of breath or rapid breathing. More severe cases can lead to confusion, cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to lack of oxygen), rapid heart rate, and in extreme situations, loss of consciousness or even death. Diagnosis typically involves measuring the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) through an arterial blood gas test or by using a pulse oximeter, which estimates oxygen saturation non-invasively. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may involve supplemental oxygen therapy.