Hüpokloriidi

Hüpokloriidi is the anion ClO−. It is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorites are a class of compounds containing the hypochlorite anion. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), found in household bleach, and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2), used as a disinfectant in swimming pools.

Hypochlorites are strong oxidizing agents and are widely used for their disinfectant and bleaching properties. They work by releasing active chlorine, which disrupts essential cellular processes in microorganisms, leading to their inactivation or death. This makes them effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.

The stability of hypochlorites can vary depending on factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration. In aqueous solutions, hypochlorites exist in equilibrium with hypochlorous acid and chlorite ions. Their effectiveness as disinfectants is often dependent on maintaining a suitable pH range where hypochlorous acid is present, as it is generally considered to be the more potent antimicrobial species.

Hypochlorite compounds should be handled with care due to their corrosive and oxidizing nature. They can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tracts. It is important to follow safety guidelines when using products containing hypochlorites, such as ensuring adequate ventilation and avoiding mixing them with other chemicals, particularly acids or ammonia, which can produce toxic gases.