Höyryhautuminen

Höyryhautuminen, also known as steam sterilization, is a method of sterilizing medical and laboratory equipment. It uses saturated steam under pressure to kill microorganisms. This process relies on the high temperature of the steam to denature essential proteins and enzymes within the microorganisms, rendering them unable to survive.

The process typically takes place in a device called an autoclave. An autoclave creates a sealed environment where steam can be introduced and contained at elevated pressure. This pressure allows the steam to reach temperatures significantly above the normal boiling point of water, usually between 121 and 134 degrees Celsius. The increased temperature, combined with sufficient exposure time, ensures the destruction of all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their spores.

Höyryhautuminen is considered a highly effective and reliable sterilization method due to its penetrative nature and ability to reach all surfaces of the equipment, even those that are difficult to access. It is widely used in hospitals, dental clinics, and research laboratories for sterilizing surgical instruments, glassware, culture media, and other heat-resistant materials. The method is also environmentally friendly as it does not produce toxic byproducts. However, it is not suitable for heat-sensitive materials that could be damaged by the high temperatures and moisture.