Höyheniä

Höyheniä, the Finnish word for feathers, refers to the lightweight structures that cover the bodies of birds. These complex appendages are crucial for a variety of avian functions, including flight, insulation, and display. Feathers are composed primarily of keratin, a protein also found in hair and nails. The structure of a feather consists of a central shaft, the rachis, from which barbules branch out. These barbules interlock to form the vane, the broad, flat surface of the feather.

There are several types of feathers, each with a specialized role. Contour feathers, the most common type, provide the bird's streamlined shape and color. Down feathers, found beneath contour feathers, are soft and fluffy, offering excellent insulation to trap body heat. Filoplume feathers are hair-like and may have sensory functions. Bristle feathers, often found around the eyes or mouth, can act as filters or protect sensitive areas. Molting is a natural process where birds shed old, worn feathers and grow new ones, typically occurring seasonally. The variety in feather color and pattern plays a significant role in camouflage, species recognition, and attracting mates.