Höjdlungödem

Höjdlungödem, also known as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), is a life-threatening condition that can affect individuals who ascend rapidly to high altitudes. It occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to increased pulmonary artery pressure due to low oxygen levels at altitude. Factors such as rapid ascent, strenuous exertion at altitude, and a prior history of HAPE increase the risk.

Symptoms typically develop within one to four days after reaching high altitude and can include shortness of breath at rest, a feeling of suffocation, extreme fatigue, cough that may produce frothy or pink sputum, chest tightness, and a blueish discoloration of the lips or fingernails (cyanosis). It is crucial to recognize these symptoms promptly.

Treatment involves immediate descent to a lower altitude. Supplemental oxygen is also vital. Medications like nifedipine, which helps to reduce pulmonary artery pressure, and dexamethasone may be administered. Prevention strategies include a slow ascent rate, avoiding overexertion at high altitudes, staying hydrated, and considering prophylactic medications for individuals at high risk. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications and mortality.