Hånligne

Hånligne is a term of Old Norse origin, historically used to describe a specific type of shield common among Norse warriors. These shields were typically circular in shape and constructed from wood, often covered with leather. A central metal boss, known as an umbo, protected the hand and served as a point of reinforcement. The rim of the shield was also often reinforced with metal for added durability during combat. Hånligne shields were not merely defensive tools; they were also emblazoned with painted designs, often depicting animals, mythological figures, or abstract patterns. These decorations served to intimidate enemies, signify the warrior's status or affiliation, and enhance their personal identity on the battlefield. The size and construction of hånligne shields could vary, with larger and more elaborately decorated examples likely belonging to chieftains or more prosperous warriors. Their effectiveness lay in their ability to absorb and deflect blows, making them a vital component of Viking age warfare. The term itself is thought to derive from words related to "hand" and "likeness" or "form," suggesting a shield shaped for the hand.