Häälepuudulikkus

Häälepuudulikkus, or dysphonia, refers to any abnormality in the voice that affects its quality, pitch, loudness, or clarity. It is a symptom, not a disease itself, and can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions affecting the vocal cords or the laryngeal function.

Common causes of häälepuudulikkus include vocal cord overuse or misuse, such as yelling or prolonged speaking, which can lead to strain and inflammation. Infections, like laryngitis, are another frequent culprit, often causing temporary hoarseness. More serious conditions like vocal cord nodules, polyps, or cysts can alter the vibration of the vocal cords, resulting in a persistent change in voice. Neurological disorders affecting the nerves that control the larynx, such as Parkinson's disease or stroke, can also lead to dysphonia. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause stomach acid to irritate the vocal cords, leading to voice problems. Additionally, psychological factors, known as functional dysphonia, can manifest as voice disturbances without a clear physical cause.

Symptoms of häälepuudulikkus can range from mild hoarseness or breathiness to a complete loss of voice (aphonia). Other associated symptoms may include throat pain, a feeling of a lump in the throat, difficulty speaking loudly, or changes in vocal pitch. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination of the throat and larynx, and sometimes specialized tests like laryngoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve voice therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are crucial for managing dysphonia and preventing further vocal damage.