Hypovolémia

Hypovolemia is a state of abnormally low fluid volume in the body. It occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to a decrease in the total amount of blood plasma. This can be caused by various factors including severe bleeding, dehydration from insufficient fluid intake, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, or burns.

The symptoms of hypovolemia depend on its severity. Mild hypovolemia may present with thirst, dry mouth, and decreased urination. As fluid volume continues to drop, more severe symptoms can emerge, such as dizziness, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. In critical cases, hypovolemia can lead to hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition where the body's organs do not receive enough blood and oxygen.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of vital signs, and laboratory tests to check electrolyte levels and kidney function. Treatment focuses on restoring the lost fluid volume. This can be achieved through oral rehydration for mild cases or intravenous fluid administration for more severe dehydration or blood loss. In cases of significant blood loss, blood transfusions may be necessary. Prompt recognition and management are crucial to prevent serious complications.