Hyperkalcæmi

Hyperkalcemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. When potassium levels rise too high, it can disrupt these normal bodily processes.

The most common causes of hyperkalcemia include kidney failure, as the kidneys are responsible for filtering excess potassium from the blood. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can also contribute to elevated potassium levels. Other contributing factors can be tissue damage, such as from burns or rhabdomyolysis, and conditions like Addison's disease, where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.

Symptoms of hyperkalcemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, more significant elevations in potassium can lead to muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and an irregular heartbeat. In severe instances, hyperkalcemia can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis is made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess for cardiac abnormalities. Treatment for hyperkalcemia aims to lower potassium levels and address the underlying cause. This can involve dietary restrictions, medications to shift potassium into cells or remove it from the body, and in severe cases, dialysis. Prompt treatment is important to prevent serious complications.