Hypaspists

Hypaspists were an elite unit within the Macedonian army, serving alongside the phalanx. They were essentially heavy infantry, acting as a flexible shock troops and flank guards. Unlike the heavily armored phalangites who relied on the formation's cohesion, hypaspists were more lightly equipped, allowing for greater maneuverability. Their primary role was to support the phalanx, plugging gaps, attacking enemy flanks, or engaging more lightly armed or cavalry units that threatened the main battle line.

The term "hypaspist" translates to "shield-bearer." They typically carried a smaller, round shield called an aspis, along with a longer spear (xyston) and a sword (xiphos). Their training and equipment made them a versatile force capable of fighting in varied terrain and against different types of enemies. They were often positioned on the flanks of the phalanx or integrated within its ranks, providing a crucial element of tactical adaptability. Their effectiveness was a key factor in many of Alexander the Great's victories.