Hydroxybenzenu

Hydroxybenzenu is the IUPAC systematic name for phenol. Phenol is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It consists of a phenyl group (C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. It is a weak acid, with a pKa of around 9.95.

Historically, phenol was first isolated from coal tar in 1834 by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge. It is a significant industrial chemical and is primarily produced by the cumene process. Phenol is a precursor to many materials and useful compounds, including plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals. It is a key ingredient in the production of Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic. It is also used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

Phenol exhibits reactivity characteristic of both aromatic compounds and alcohols. The hydroxyl group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution. Due to its toxicity and corrosive nature, phenol should be handled with care. Exposure can cause burns and systemic poisoning.