Humektantteina

Humektantteina, known in English as humectants, are hygroscopic substances that attract and retain moisture. They are used across cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products to improve moisture retention, texture, and stability. In cosmetic formulations, common humektantteina such as glycerin (glycerol), propylene glycol, sorbitol, urea, and hyaluronic acid help maintain skin and hair hydration by drawing water from the environment or from deeper skin layers. They can also influence viscosity and spreadability.

In foods, humektantteina like glycerin, sorbitol, and certain sugar alcohols help retain moisture, prevent staling, and influence texture and shelf life. In pharmaceutical and personal care products, they stabilize gels and ointments, increase pliability, and prevent drying of active ingredients and packaging materials.

The effectiveness of humektantteina depends on relative humidity. At moderate to high humidity, they attract water from the air to keep surfaces moist. In very dry environments, some humectants may draw water from the skin or mucous membranes if used in high concentrations, potentially causing irritation. Formulations often balance humectants with occlusives to maintain hydration without excessive drying.

Safety and regulation: most humektantteina used in consumer products are considered safe when used as directed. Many are listed as GRAS for foods, while others are approved for cosmetics and medicines. Potential sensitivities can occur in some individuals, particularly at high concentrations or with repeated exposure.

See also: hygroscopicity, moisturizers, cosmetic ingredients.