Hullámfrontszképítés

Hullámfrontszképítés, often translated as wavefront shaping, is a technique used to control and manipulate the propagation of light or other waves through scattering media. In essence, it involves creating a specific input wavefront that, after interacting with the medium, results in a desired output, such as a focused beam or a specific intensity pattern. This is particularly useful when dealing with materials that scatter light extensively, like biological tissues or frosted glass, where traditional focusing methods fail.

The process typically involves an iterative optimization loop. A spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to dynamically adjust the phase of the incoming light beam. This modulated light then propagates through the scattering medium. A detector measures the resulting intensity pattern at the target location. This measured intensity is then used to adjust the SLM's pattern in order to maximize or optimize the desired output. Through repeated adjustments, the system learns the complex scattering properties of the medium and determines the optimal wavefront to counteract the scattering effects.

Wavefront shaping has applications in various fields. In microscopy, it enables imaging deep into scattering tissues, overcoming the limitations of conventional optical microscopes. It also finds use in optical manipulation, allowing for precise control of particles or cells within complex environments. Furthermore, it can be applied in telecommunications to improve signal transmission through turbulent or scattering atmospheres. The ability to overcome scattering is a significant advancement for many optical technologies.