Hormonsubstitution

Hormone substitution, also known as hormone replacement therapy, is a medical approach that replaces deficient or absent hormones with pharmacologic preparations to restore normal physiological function. The goal is to reestablish hormonal balance, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications associated with hormone deficiency. Treatments are personalized and guided by laboratory tests and clinical response.

Common forms include thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism (typically levothyroxine), sex hormone replacement for hypogonadism or menopause (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), growth hormone replacement for growth hormone deficiency, and insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus. Other examples encompass cortisol replacement in adrenal insufficiency and, in certain conditions, parathyroid hormone analogs for bone disorders. Administration methods vary and may include oral tablets, transdermal patches, injections, or other delivery forms.

Monitoring is essential and usually involves regular blood tests to measure hormone levels, assessment of symptoms, and consideration of age, comorbidities, and pregnancy status. Dose adjustments are common to maintain efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Potential risks include overtreatment leading to symptoms of excess hormone action, interactions with other medications, and long-term safety concerns that differ by hormone and patient group. Endocrine disorders treated with hormone substitution often require coordinated care among primary care providers, endocrinologists, and other specialists.

Limitations may include incomplete symptom relief, variable individual response, and the need for ongoing, lifelong treatment in many conditions. Hormone substitution remains a fundamental tool in managing endocrine deficiencies and associated diseases, improving quality of life and reducing complication risks when properly prescribed and monitored.