Homoiotherms

Homoiotherms are a group of animals that maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of the external environment. This physiological characteristic is often referred to as warm-bloodedness. Birds and mammals are the primary examples of homoiotherms. They achieve this stable temperature through a variety of mechanisms, including metabolic heat production, insulation in the form of fur or feathers, and behavioral adaptations such as seeking shade or huddling together.

The advantage of homoiothermy lies in its ability to allow organisms to remain active in a wide range of environmental conditions, including cold temperatures where ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals would be incapacitated. This independence from ambient temperature allows for more consistent enzyme activity and higher metabolic rates, supporting more energetic lifestyles. However, maintaining a constant internal temperature requires a significant expenditure of energy, making homoiotherms more susceptible to starvation during periods of food scarcity compared to ectotherms. The evolution of homoiothermy is considered a key factor in the diversification and success of birds and mammals.