Hmérsékletérzékeny

Hőmérsékletérzékeny, or in diacritics-covered form hőmérsékletérzékeny, describes properties, systems or materials whose behavior changes significantly with temperature. The term covers a broad range of phenomena in physics, chemistry, materials science, electronics and biology, where temperature acts as a key control parameter influencing mechanical, electrical, optical or chemical characteristics. A diacritic-free variant hmérsékletérzékeny is sometimes encountered in environments that do not support accented characters.

In materials and soft matter, temperature sensitivity appears in thermoresponsive polymers and hydrogels, which alter solubility, swelling, or permeability around a specific temperature. In electronics and sensing, components with a strong temperature coefficient—such as thermistors and resistance temperature detectors—exhibit resistance changes that are proportional to temperature. Optical materials may show a thermo-optic effect, where refractive index or transmission depends on temperature. In biology, temperature-sensitive channels, enzymes, and gene expression can respond to thermal variations.

Quantifying temperature sensitivity typically involves a coefficient, such as the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) or the rate of change of a property with temperature (dP/dT). Temperature sensitivity often necessitates compensation or calibration in devices operating across varying thermal environments to maintain accuracy and reliability.

See also: thermochromism, thermoresponsive materials, thermistors, temperature compensation.