Hjärtamyloid

Hjärtamyloid, also known as cardiac amyloid, refers to the deposition of amyloid proteins in the heart, leading to various cardiac disorders. Amyloids are abnormal proteins that form insoluble fibers, which can accumulate in tissues and disrupt normal cellular functions. In the heart, amyloid deposits can affect different structures, including the heart muscle, valves, and blood vessels.

The most common type of cardiac amyloid is transthyretin (TTR) amyloid, which is associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA). TTR amyloid deposits can cause heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Other types of cardiac amyloids include AL amyloid, which is associated with multiple myeloma, and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloid, which is linked to amyloidosis associated with chronic inflammatory disorders.

The diagnosis of cardiac amyloid typically involves imaging studies, such as echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, to detect the presence of amyloid deposits. Biopsy of the heart or endomyocardial biopsy can also confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for cardiac amyloid depend on the underlying cause and may include managing the primary disease, such as multiple myeloma, or using medications to reduce amyloid deposition.

Cardiac amyloid is a serious condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of cardiac amyloid and to develop more effective treatments.