Hipokloritok

Hipokloritok refers to the anion ClO−, a chemical species containing chlorine and oxygen. It is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid, HClO. Hypochlorite is a powerful oxidizing agent and is widely known for its bleaching and disinfecting properties.

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), commonly found in household bleach, is perhaps the most familiar compound containing the hypochlorite ion. When dissolved in water, sodium hypochlorite dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hypochlorite ions (ClO−). The hypochlorite ion then reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid (HClO) and hydroxide ions (OH−). Hypochlorous acid is the active disinfecting agent.

The oxidizing power of hypochlorite is attributed to the high oxidation state of chlorine (+1). It can readily accept electrons from other substances, leading to their oxidation. This property makes it effective at breaking down organic molecules, including those found in bacteria, viruses, and colored compounds.

In addition to its use as a disinfectant and bleach, hypochlorite compounds have applications in water treatment, sanitation, and in certain industrial processes. However, hypochlorite can also be corrosive and should be handled with care. Mixing hypochlorite with acids can release chlorine gas, which is toxic.