Hipertiroidizem

Hipertiroidizem is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This gland, located in the neck, regulates metabolism, and an excess of its hormones speeds up many bodily functions. Common causes include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid, and toxic nodules, which are lumps in the thyroid that produce hormones independently.

The symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary but often include unexplained weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, anxiety, tremors, increased sweating, and difficulty sleeping. Individuals may also experience changes in bowel patterns, such as more frequent stools, and heat intolerance. In women, menstrual irregularities can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, such as T3 and T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Imaging tests, like an ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake scan, can help determine the cause. Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy thyroid cells, and in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications, including heart problems and osteoporosis.