Hipertireózis

Hipertireózis, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This hormone, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), regulates metabolism. When there's an excess, bodily functions speed up, leading to various symptoms.

Common causes of hipertireózis include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where antibodies stimulate the thyroid, and toxic multinodular goiter, where lumps on the thyroid produce excess hormones. Thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid, can also temporarily cause an overproduction of hormones.

Symptoms can vary but often include unexplained weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations), anxiety, irritability, tremors, increased sweating, heat intolerance, and changes in menstrual patterns. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, may also be present.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Imaging tests like ultrasounds or radioactive iodine uptake scans can help determine the cause.

Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy thyroid cells, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause, severity, and individual patient factors. If left untreated, hipertireózis can lead to serious complications such as heart problems, osteoporosis, and eye complications in the case of Graves' disease.