Hipertireoidizam

Hipertireoidizam, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, controlling how the body uses energy. When there is an excess of these hormones, bodily functions speed up.

Common causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid, stimulating it to produce too much hormone. Other causes include toxic nodular goiter, where nodules in the thyroid produce excess hormone, and thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid that can temporarily release large amounts of stored hormone.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary but often include rapid heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, anxiety, tremors, increased sweating, and heat intolerance. Individuals may also experience changes in bowel habits, such as more frequent stools, and for women, menstrual irregularities.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, and sometimes imaging tests like a thyroid scan. Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy thyroid cells, and in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to manage symptoms and prevent potential complications.