Hingamisliigutused

Hingamisliigutused refers to the physical movements associated with breathing. These movements are essential for the process of respiration, which involves taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary muscles involved in normal, quiet breathing are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.

The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This expansion creates negative pressure within the lungs, causing air to flow in. Simultaneously, the external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs upward and outward, further expanding the chest.

Exhalation, in normal breathing, is largely a passive process. As the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, the elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity. This decrease in volume increases the pressure within the lungs, forcing air out. During forced exhalation, such as during exercise or coughing, additional muscles like the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles contract to forcefully expel air.

The coordination of these muscular movements allows for the continuous exchange of gases necessary for life. The rate and depth of these breathing movements can be influenced by various factors, including physical activity, emotional state, and underlying medical conditions. Understanding hingamisliigutused is fundamental to the study of respiratory physiology.