Higanygzlámpák

Higanygzlámpák, or mercury lamps, are gas discharge lamps that generate light by passing an electric arc through mercury vapor contained within a sealed arc tube. The excitation of mercury atoms produces ultraviolet radiation, which in many designs is converted to visible light by a phosphor coating on the inner surface of the tube (as in fluorescent variants). There are two main families: low-pressure mercury lamps, used in fluorescent and compact fluorescent lamps, and high-pressure mercury lamps, used for outdoor and industrial lighting. Some variants rely more on direct UV or blue-green emission, while others use phosphor conversion to achieve different color appearances.

Operation and construction: the arc tube contains mercury and an inert gas to help start and sustain the arc. A ballast—magnetic or electronic—limits current and stabilizes operation. Low-pressure lamps typically operate at lower arc voltages and have long lifespans but slower start-up, whereas high-pressure versions achieve higher luminous output but require more robust materials and ballast.

Characteristics: higanygzlámpák are relatively energy-efficient compared with incandescent lamps and offer long service lives. However, their color rendering can be poorer than some alternative technologies, particularly in older mercury vapor designs, and the light often has a distinct bluish cast. They also contain mercury, which requires careful handling and recycling at end of life.

Applications and history: mercury lamps played a major role in street and industrial lighting from the mid-20th century onward, especially high-pressure variants for large areas. In recent years, they have been increasingly replaced by LEDs and other HID technologies, though they remain in use in certain installations and for specialty applications where their spectral characteristics or ultraviolet output is advantageous.

Environmental and safety notes: disposal and recycling are important due to mercury content; proper handling and compliance with local regulations are essential to minimize environmental impact.