Hidupan
Hidupan is a term used in Indonesian and Malay languages to denote life or living beings. In everyday language it refers to all forms of life, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the ecological processes that sustain them. In more formal scientific contexts, hidupan is often treated as a broad synonym for makhluk hidup or biota, though scholars typically prefer more precise terminology.
Etymology and usage: The word derives from hidup, meaning “to live,” with the noun-forming suffix -an. As
Taxonomy and classification: Hidupan does not correspond to a formal taxonomic category. In scientific discourse, researchers
Ecology and distribution: Hidupan is found in all biomes, from rainforests and oceans to deserts and urban
Cultural and policy aspects: The concept of hidupan informs environmental ethics and policy discussions in the