Hidróxido

Hidróxido is a chemical compound containing the hydroxyl functional group, which consists of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. In inorganic chemistry, hydroxides are typically ionic compounds formed between a metal cation and the hydroxide anion (OH-). These compounds are often formed when a base reacts with water, or when an oxide reacts with water. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a common strong base formed by the reaction of sodium oxide with water.

Hydroxides exhibit a range of properties depending on the specific metal involved. Alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, are highly soluble in water and are strong bases, meaning they readily donate hydroxide ions in solution. Alkaline earth metal hydroxides are generally less soluble and weaker bases. Many transition metal hydroxides are insoluble in water and can be precipitated from solutions.

The hydroxide ion (OH-) is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. In aqueous solutions, it is responsible for the basicity of hydroxide compounds. Hydroxides play crucial roles in various industrial processes, including the production of soaps, detergents, paper, and in water treatment. They are also found naturally in minerals and are involved in many biological processes. The term "hidróxido" in Spanish directly translates to hydroxide in English, referring to the same chemical entity.