Hidrid

Hidrid is a term used in some languages to refer to hydrides, binary compounds of hydrogen with another element. In chemistry, a hydride is a compound in which hydrogen behaves as a hydride ion (H−) or as part of a neutral molecule that contains hydrogen bonded to a more electropositive element. Hydrides span a range of bonding types and can be found in various material classes.

Hydrides are commonly classified into several categories. Ionic hydrides, such as lithium hydride (LiH) or sodium hydride (NaH), consist of hydrogen as H− in an ionic lattice with electropositive metals. Covalent or molecular hydrides feature hydrogen bound to nonmetals in discrete molecules, examples include methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), and silane (SiH4). Metallic or interstitial hydrides form when hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial sites in metal lattices, as in palladium hydride (PdHx). Complex hydrides contain hydrogen as hydride ligands within a larger coordination framework, exemplified by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4).

Properties of hidrides vary with type. Ionic hydrides are typically reactive with water and oxygen, releasing hydrogen gas. Covalent hydrides range from gases to liquids with diverse boiling points and reactivities. Interstitial and complex hydrides are studied for their ability to store hydrogen and to act as reducing agents in synthesis. The stability of a hydride depends on the bond strength between hydrogen and the partnering element and on structural factors of the material.

Applications of hidrides include hydrogen storage, chemical reductions (as in LiAlH4 and NaBH4), and functional materials for energy technologies. Safety considerations address flammability, reactivity with moisture, and potential release of hydrogen gas. See also hydride, hydrogen storage, and related reducing agents.