Hidrelétricas

Hidrelétricas, also known as hydroelectric power plants, are facilities that generate electricity from the energy of moving water. This is typically achieved by damming a river to create a reservoir, then channeling the water through turbines. As the water flows, it spins the turbines, which are connected to generators that produce electricity. The amount of electricity generated depends on the volume of water and the height of the dam, a factor known as the "head."

The concept of harnessing water power for electricity generation dates back to the late 19th century, with the first major hydroelectric power station opening in 1882. Today, hydroelectricity is a significant source of renewable energy globally, contributing to a substantial portion of the world's electricity supply. Its primary advantage is its clean energy production, as it does not emit greenhouse gases during operation.

However, the construction of large-scale hydroelectric dams can have significant environmental and social impacts. These include altering river ecosystems, disrupting fish migration, and displacing communities. Smaller-scale or run-of-river hydroelectric projects aim to mitigate some of these impacts by minimizing changes to natural river flow. The economic feasibility of hidrelétricas is influenced by factors such as construction costs, maintenance, and the availability of suitable water resources. Despite the challenges, hidrelétricas remain a crucial component of the global energy mix, offering a renewable and often cost-effective way to produce electricity.