Heterodontiforms

Heterodontiforms refers to a group of sharks characterized by having different types of teeth within the same jaw. This contrasts with homodontiforms, where all teeth are similar. The most recognizable example of a heterodontiform is the bullhead shark family, Heterodontidae. These sharks possess a combination of pointed, grasping teeth in the front of their jaws, ideal for catching prey, and blunt, molar-like teeth in the back, used for crushing hard-shelled invertebrates like crustaceans and mollusks. This dental specialization allows them to exploit a wider range of food sources.

The term heterodontiform is derived from the Greek words "heteros" meaning different, and "odous" meaning tooth. The existence of heterodonty in sharks is a significant evolutionary adaptation, demonstrating how specialized dentition can enhance survival and ecological success. While bullhead sharks are the primary representatives, the concept of having varied tooth morphology is found in other vertebrate groups as well, though the term heterodontiform specifically applies to this shark lineage. Their unique teeth are a key distinguishing feature for paleontologists and ichthyologists when classifying and studying these ancient marine predators.