Hermandad

A hermandad, from the Spanish word for brotherhood, is a religious confraternity of lay Catholics organized to promote devotion, charitable works, and mutual aid. In many Spanish-speaking countries, hermandades are also known as cofradías and function under parish or diocesan authority, often centering on a patron saint or the Virgin Mary.

Etymology and scope: The term derives from hermano, meaning brother, and conveys a sense of fellowship and shared religious obligation. Hermandades can vary in size and purpose, ranging from devotional societies that foster prayer and liturgical observances to charitable organizations that support the sick, the poor, or the elderly. In practice, many hermandades are best known for their role in Holy Week processions, where religious images, garments, and ritual acts are exhibited.

History and activities: Hermandades emerged in medieval Europe as lay religious guilds tied to churches, hospitals, and guilds. In Iberia and Latin America they developed distinctive organizational habits and devotional traditions. Common activities include fundraising for charitable causes, maintaining chapels or statues, and coordinating liturgical practices. During Holy Week, hermandades organize processions featuring penitents, clergy, and ornate floats (pasos) that depict scenes from the Passion of Christ.

Organization and governance: Most hermandades have elected officers, such as a president or hermano mayor, and a governing council. Members may contribute through dues, volunteering, and participation in ceremonies. Assets, properties, and religious images are managed under the oversight of the hermandad and the local church.

Modern relevance: Today, hermandades preserve religious heritage, support social services, and contribute to cultural identity in their communities. They are integral to both religious practice and regional tradition in many parts of the Spanish-speaking world.