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Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various viruses, bacteria, toxins, or autoimmune conditions. The most common types of hepatitis are viral, with the most notable being hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Each type has distinct characteristics, modes of transmission, and treatment approaches.

Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water and results in acute infection with symptoms lasting a few weeks. It is not typically chronic and does not cause long-term liver damage. Hepatitis B and C are more serious, often leading to chronic infection and potentially severe liver damage. Hepatitis B is transmitted through bodily fluids, while hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood contact, often through shared needles or contaminated medical equipment. Both can cause chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B for replication and is more severe than hepatitis B alone. Hepatitis E is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and is more common in developing countries, often causing acute hepatitis with a high mortality rate in pregnant women.

Non-viral causes of hepatitis include alcohol, drugs, and autoimmune conditions like autoimmune hepatitis. These forms can also lead to chronic liver disease.

Prevention strategies vary by type but generally include vaccination (hepatitis A and B), safe sex practices, and avoiding contaminated food and water. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the infection, ranging from supportive care to antiviral medications and liver transplants in severe cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term liver damage and complications.