Hengitystoimintojen

Hengitystoimintojen refers to the processes involved in breathing, which is essential for life. These functions include the mechanical act of taking in air (inhalation) and expelling it (exhalation), as well as the physiological exchange of gases within the body.

The respiratory system, comprising the lungs, airways, and associated muscles, is responsible for these functions. Inhalation brings oxygen-rich air into the lungs, where it travels to tiny air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Exhalation is typically a passive process, driven by the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which allows the chest cavity to decrease in volume and push air out of the lungs. However, during strenuous activity, exhalation can become more active.

The rate and depth of breathing are regulated by the brainstem, which responds to changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. This regulation ensures that the body receives an adequate supply of oxygen and efficiently removes carbon dioxide. Disruptions to normal hengitystoimintojen can lead to various respiratory conditions, impacting overall health and well-being.