Hengityselimille

Hengityselimille refers to the collective organs responsible for respiration in living organisms. In humans and other mammals, this system primarily includes the lungs, diaphragm, and airways such as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the environment and the bloodstream. This involves taking in oxygen, which is essential for cellular metabolism, and expelling carbon dioxide, a waste product of these metabolic processes.

The process of breathing, or ventilation, is driven by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which alter the volume of the thoracic cavity. This change in volume creates pressure gradients that draw air into the lungs during inhalation and push it out during exhalation. Within the lungs, tiny air sacs called alveoli provide an enormous surface area for efficient gas exchange. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillaries surrounding them, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Disruptions to the respiratory system can lead to various health conditions, collectively known as respiratory diseases. These can range from common ailments like the common cold and influenza to more severe conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Maintaining the health of the respiratory system is crucial for overall well-being, and factors like avoiding smoking and air pollution play a significant role in its preservation.