Heliesistussüsteem

Heliesistussüsteem, also known as the heliosphere, is the region of space dominated by the solar wind and the magnetic field of the Sun. It extends outward from the Sun to the point where the solar wind's influence is no longer significant, typically at about 100 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. The heliosphere is shaped by the interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium (ISM), creating a complex structure with several distinct regions.

The heliosphere is divided into several layers. The inner heliosphere includes the solar system, where the solar wind is strong and the magnetic field is well-organized. As the solar wind expands outward, it interacts with the ISM, creating a termination shock at the boundary of the heliosphere. Beyond this point, the solar wind slows down and becomes turbulent, forming the heliosheath. The outer heliosphere is characterized by a complex magnetic field and the presence of interstellar charged particles.

The heliosphere plays a crucial role in protecting the solar system from cosmic rays and other high-energy particles present in the ISM. The solar wind and magnetic field create a barrier that deflects these particles, shielding Earth and other planets from their harmful effects. Additionally, the heliosphere influences the behavior of comets and other small bodies in the outer solar system, shaping their orbits and composition.

Studies of the heliosphere have been conducted using various space probes, such as Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, which have provided valuable data on the solar wind and its interaction with the ISM. These missions have helped scientists better understand the structure and dynamics of the heliosphere, as well as its role in the broader context of the interstellar medium.