Heilabólga

Heilabólga, also known as encephalitis, is inflammation of the brain. This inflammation can be caused by infections, such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites, or by autoimmune disorders where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks brain tissue. Viral infections are the most common cause, with herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses being frequent culprits.

Symptoms of heilabólga can vary depending on the severity and the affected area of the brain. They may include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, changes in personality or behavior, and neurological deficits like weakness, paralysis, or sensory disturbances. In severe cases, it can lead to coma or death.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical and neurological examinations, and diagnostic tests. These tests can include blood work to identify infections or markers of inflammation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis obtained through a lumbar puncture to detect pathogens or immune responses, and neuroimaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans to visualize brain inflammation or swelling.

Treatment for heilabólga depends on the underlying cause. Antiviral medications are used for viral infections, while antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections. Immunosuppressive therapies may be necessary for autoimmune forms. Supportive care is crucial, focusing on managing symptoms like seizures, reducing brain swelling, and providing respiratory support if needed. Prompt medical attention is vital for improving outcomes and preventing long-term neurological complications.