Happoemäätasapainon

Happoemäätasapaino refers to the delicate balance of acids and bases within the human body, essential for maintaining physiological functions. This balance is primarily maintained by buffer systems, the respiratory system, and the renal system. Buffer systems, such as the bicarbonate buffer system, are the first line of defense, absorbing excess hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions to prevent drastic pH changes. The respiratory system contributes by regulating carbon dioxide levels in the blood; increased breathing expels more CO2, reducing acidity, while decreased breathing retains CO2, increasing acidity. The kidneys play a crucial role in long-term acid-base regulation by excreting excess acids or bases and reabsorbing bicarbonate.

The normal pH range for human blood is tightly controlled, typically between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations from this range can lead to significant health consequences. Acidosis occurs when the body fluids become too acidic (pH below 7.35), which can be caused by respiratory issues (like hypoventilation) or metabolic problems (such as diabetes or kidney failure). Alkalosis occurs when the body fluids become too alkaline (pH above 7.45), often resulting from hyperventilation or excessive vomiting. Monitoring and correcting acid-base imbalances are critical in clinical settings to support overall health and organ function.