Haloazettsäuren

Haloazettsäuren, also known as haloacetic acids (HAAs), are a group of organic compounds with the chemical formula CH₂XCOOH, where X represents a halogen atom. Common examples include chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, and iodoacetic acid. These compounds are characterized by having one or more halogen atoms attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group.

Haloazettsäuren are often synthesized through the halogenation of acetic acid. Their chemical properties are influenced by the presence of the halogen atom, which increases the acidity of the carboxyl group compared to acetic acid itself. The reactivity of haloazettsäuren is also notable, making them useful intermediates in organic synthesis.

In environmental contexts, haloazettsäuren are of significant interest as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed during the chlorination of drinking water. When organic matter present in raw water reacts with chlorine, HAAs can be generated. Certain HAAs, particularly dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid, have been identified as potential health concerns, leading to regulatory limits for their presence in treated water. Research continues to explore their formation pathways, toxicological effects, and methods for their removal or prevention.