Hakkuriteholähde

Hakkuriteholähde, often translated as switched-mode power supply (SMPS), is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike linear power supplies, which dissipate excess voltage as heat, SMPSs rapidly switch an inductor between charging and discharging states. This rapid switching, typically at frequencies ranging from tens of kilohertz to megahertz, allows for smaller magnetic components like transformers and inductors, and results in significantly higher efficiency, often exceeding 90%.

The core principle involves a switching element, usually a transistor, controlled by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. This PWM signal determines the duty cycle, which is the ratio of the "on" time to the total period of the switching cycle. By adjusting the duty cycle, the output voltage can be regulated. The switching action creates a high-frequency AC voltage which is then transformed, rectified, and filtered to produce the desired DC output.

SMPSs are widely used in a vast array of electronic devices due to their compact size, light weight, and energy efficiency. Common applications include computer power supplies, mobile phone chargers, LED lighting drivers, and power adapters for various consumer electronics. Their efficiency minimizes wasted energy, leading to reduced heat generation and lower electricity consumption, making them an environmentally friendly choice.