Hakas

Hakas are traditional Māori dances from New Zealand performed by groups to express collective identity, history, and emotion. The term haka covers a range of dances, including war dances (haka taua), ceremonial dances performed during welcome or greeting ceremonies (haka taparahi), and other chanted or musical performances that accompany songs (waiata). Hakas are typically characterized by synchronized foot stomping, fierce facial expressions, chanting, chest pounding, and loud vocalisations, though the movements and emphasis vary by tribe (iwi) and sub-tribe (hapū).

Origins and purposes of hakas vary, but they have long served to convey messages, intimidate opponents, celebrate victories, welcome guests, or mark significant events. In traditional contexts, hakas are performed with specific protocols, and the choice of dance and its ordering can reflect a community’s history and values. Because hakas are considered taonga (treasures) of Māori culture, they are traditionally performed within appropriate settings and with the consent and involvement of Māori communities.

In contemporary times, hakas have gained international recognition, most famously the Ka Mate haka performed by New Zealand’s national rugby team, the All Blacks. Since 2005, the All Blacks have also used Kapa o Pango, a separate haka created for the team. Hakas appear in schools, universities, cultural events, and media, contributing to a broader awareness of Māori culture while continuing to be a living practice within Māori communities. Proper respect and understanding of context are considered essential when hakas are performed outside of their traditional settings.