HLAtundlikkuse

HLAtundlikkuse, also known as HLA mismatch, refers to a discrepancy between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types of a donor and a recipient in the context of organ transplantation. HLA antigens are proteins found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self cells. In organ transplantation, a mismatch between the HLA types of the donor and recipient can lead to an immune response against the transplanted organ, potentially resulting in organ rejection.

The degree of HLA mismatch is typically categorized into three levels: low, intermediate, and high. Low mismatch involves one or two HLA antigens that differ between the donor and recipient, intermediate mismatch involves three or four differences, and high mismatch involves five or more differences. The risk of organ rejection increases with the degree of HLA mismatch, with high mismatch being associated with the highest risk.

To minimize the risk of HLA mismatch, organ transplantation centers often use HLA typing to match donors and recipients as closely as possible. In cases where a perfect match is not available, alternative strategies such as immunosuppression therapy may be employed to suppress the recipient's immune response against the transplanted organ. Despite these efforts, HLA mismatch remains a significant challenge in organ transplantation, and ongoing research aims to develop more effective strategies for managing this issue.