HCOOCH2CH3

Ethyl formate, also known as formic acid ethyl ester, is an organic ester with the formula HCOOCH2CH3 (C3H6O2). It is the ethyl ester of formic acid and is commonly referred to as ethyl formate.

Ethyl formate is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic fruity odor. It has a relatively low boiling point, around 54 °C, and is flammable. It is soluble in many organic solvents and is used where a fruity note or odor is desirable.

Applications and use: Ethyl formate is used as a solvent in fragrance and flavor industries and as an intermediate in various organic syntheses. In flavor chemistry, it contributes to strawberry- and fruit-like notes and is employed in small amounts to achieve specific aroma profiles. It is also used as a reagent or intermediate in chemical syntheses.

Production and reactions: Ethyl formate is typically produced by acid-catalyzed esterification of formic acid with ethanol, with removal of water. It can also be prepared via transesterification routes involving formate esters and ethanol under suitable catalysts.

Safety and handling: The compound is flammable and can cause irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract at insufficient concentrations. Vapors may be harmful if inhaled. Ethyl formate can hydrolyze slowly in aqueous conditions to form formic acid and ethanol. Storage should be in a cool, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources, in tightly closed containers.

Occurrence: Trace amounts occur in some fruits and fermentation products, and it is manufactured industrially for use as a solvent and flavor/fragrance component.