Gyrocopter

A gyrocopter, also known as a gyroplane or autogyro, is a type of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor in autorotation to develop lift, and an engine-powered propeller to provide thrust. The rotor is not driven by the engine; instead, it spins freely as air passes through it from below. This autorotation is key to its flight characteristics.

The basic components of a gyrocopter include a fuselage, a propeller for forward propulsion, and the distinctive unpowered rotor. Unlike a helicopter, the rotor is not mechanically driven by the engine. Instead, the airflow generated by the forward motion of the gyrocopter, combined with the torque from the rotor itself, causes the rotor to spin. This spinning rotor generates lift.

Gyrocopters are known for their safety and stability. Because the rotor is always spinning when in forward flight, a gyrocopter can glide safely if the engine fails, much like a fixed-wing aircraft. They can also take off and land in very short distances, often referred to as Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) capabilities. This makes them suitable for operations from unimproved landing sites.

The design of the gyrocopter was pioneered by Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva in the 1920s. His work led to the development of the first practical autogyros. While they share some similarities with helicopters in using rotors for lift, their operational principles and flight mechanics are distinct. Gyrocopters are often used for recreational flying, aerial observation, and agricultural applications.