Gyomorsavtermelés

Gyomorsavtermelés refers to the production of stomach acid by the parietal cells located in the lining of the stomach. This acid, primarily hydrochloric acid (HCl), plays a crucial role in digestion and protecting the body. The acidic environment, with a pH typically between 1.5 and 3.5, is essential for activating pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins. Stomach acid also kills many ingested bacteria and other pathogens, preventing infections.

The regulation of gyomorsavtermelés is a complex process involving hormonal and neural signals. Gastrin, a hormone produced in the stomach, stimulates the parietal cells to secrete acid. Histamine, released from enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach, also acts as a potent stimulator. Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, can also increase acid production. Conversely, somatostatin and prostaglandins can inhibit it. Factors like the presence of food in the stomach, stress, and certain medications can influence the rate of acid secretion. While essential for digestion, excessive or insufficient stomach acid can lead to various gastrointestinal issues, such as ulcers, heartburn, and impaired nutrient absorption.