Gyoki

Gyōki (行基, c. 668–749) was a prominent Japanese Buddhist monk, poet, and folk hero who played a significant role in the spread of Buddhism during the Nara period (710–794). Born in the province of Yamato, he was the son of a low-ranking court official and later became a disciple of the monk Ganjin (also known as Jizō), who introduced Tendai Buddhism to Japan. Gyōki is particularly revered for his efforts in establishing Buddhist temples, including the famous Todai-ji in Nara, and for his contributions to the development of Japanese poetry and literature.

Gyōki is best known for his legendary exploits, which were later romanticized in folklore. According to tradition, he possessed supernatural abilities, such as the power to move mountains and control water. One of his most famous deeds was the construction of the Great Buddha (Daibutsu) at Todai-ji, a monumental task that required immense labor and resources. He also played a key role in the establishment of the Shingon sect, though he was not its founder. His influence extended beyond religious matters, as he was involved in the compilation of early Japanese poetry collections, including the *Man'yōshū*, one of the oldest existing anthologies of Japanese poetry.

Gyōki’s life was marked by both reverence and controversy. He was accused of political intrigue and was eventually exiled to the island of Shikoku, where he spent his final years. Despite this, his legacy endured, and he was posthumously honored as a national hero. Temples dedicated to him, such as the Gyōki-dera in Nara, continue to be places of pilgrimage. His story remains a blend of historical fact and myth, embodying the spirit of devotion and perseverance in Japanese culture.