Gyógyszerallergia

Gyógyszerallergia, also known as drug allergy or medication allergy, is an adverse reaction of the immune system to a medication. It can occur after taking a medication, even if it has been taken before without issues. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include skin rashes, hives, itching, fever, swelling, and difficulty breathing. In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis can occur, which is a life-threatening emergency.

The immune system mistakenly identifies the medication or a substance it breaks down into as harmful, triggering an allergic response. Common culprits include antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticonvulsants, and chemotherapy drugs. However, any medication can potentially cause an allergic reaction.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, a physical examination, and sometimes allergy testing such as skin prick tests or intradermal tests. If a drug allergy is confirmed, the medication and any related drugs that might cause cross-reactivity must be avoided in the future. Prescribing physicians and pharmacists are crucial in identifying and managing drug allergies, often by documenting the allergy in a patient's medical record and advising on alternative medications. Treatment for mild reactions usually involves antihistamines or corticosteroids. Severe reactions require immediate medical attention and treatment with epinephrine. It is important for individuals to inform their healthcare providers about any known drug allergies.