GuillainBarre

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The damage to these nerves disrupts the ability of the nerves to send signals from the brain to the muscles, causing weakness, tingling, and sometimes paralysis.

The exact cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unknown. However, it often occurs after an infection, such as a viral infection like the flu or a bacterial infection like Campylobacter jejuni. In some cases, it can also be triggered by surgery or vaccinations.

Symptoms usually begin with weakness and tingling in the legs, which can then spread to the arms and upper body. The weakness can progress rapidly, sometimes leading to paralysis. Other symptoms may include difficulty walking, facial weakness, difficulty swallowing, and problems with breathing.

Diagnosis is typically based on medical history, a neurological examination, and tests such as nerve conduction studies and spinal fluid analysis. Treatment often involves supportive care, such as mechanical ventilation if breathing is affected, and therapies to reduce the immune system's attack on the nerves, such as plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin.

Most people with Guillain-Barré syndrome recover, although the recovery process can be long and may involve physical therapy to regain strength and function. Some individuals may experience long-term weakness or other residual effects.