Grunnlovene

Grunnlovene, also known as the Constitution of Norway, is the fundamental law of the Kingdom of Norway. It was adopted on May 17, 1814, and came into effect on November 17, 1814. The constitution is based on the principles of the Enlightenment, emphasizing individual rights, the rule of law, and the separation of powers. It is written in Norwegian and consists of 147 articles, organized into 13 chapters.

The constitution establishes a parliamentary system of government, with a constitutional monarchy. The King of Norway serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Norwegian Parliament, known as the Storting, is the legislative body, consisting of 169 members elected by universal suffrage. The judiciary is independent and ensures the rule of law.

Grunnlovene guarantees several fundamental rights, including freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. It also protects the rights of minorities and ensures equality before the law. The constitution can be amended through a two-thirds majority vote in the Storting, subject to a national referendum.

The constitution has been amended several times since its adoption, reflecting changes in Norwegian society and politics. It has been praised for its stability and adaptability, contributing to Norway's reputation as a model of democratic governance.