Gramatikë

Gramatikë, or grammar, is the system of rules that govern the structure of a language. It covers how sounds form words (phonology), how words combine to form phrases and sentences (morphology and syntax), and how writing conventions such as punctuation and capitalization organize text. Grammar also encompasses rules of word order, agreement, and usage that shape how meaning is conveyed.

The field distinguishes descriptive grammar, which describes how language is actually used by speakers, from prescriptive grammar, which prescribes how language should be used according to certain norms. Pedagogical grammar, aimed at learners, distills essential rules and patterns for practical use. Descriptive approaches are often supported by corpora and formal theories, while prescriptive traditions have historically influenced education and publishing.

In Albanian contexts, gramatikë is used to refer to the grammar of the Albanian language as well as to grammar in general. Albanian grammar includes features such as two grammatical genders (masculine and feminine), noun–adjective agreement, and a definite article that is suffixed to the noun. The verb system marks person and number and expresses tense, mood, and aspect. Word order is typically subject–verb–object but can vary for emphasis or nuance, and pronouns, articles, and clitics interact within sentences. The study of Albanian grammar combines traditional descriptive accounts with modern linguistic theory and practical resources for education and language learning.