GraecoBactrian

Graeco-Bactrian refers to a Hellenistic kingdom that ruled over Bactria and northwestern India from around 250 to 130 BCE. It was established by the Seleucid general Diodotus I after he declared independence from the Seleucid Empire. The Graeco-Bactrians were of Greek and Macedonian descent and maintained Hellenistic culture, language, and institutions in the region. They minted coins that are highly valued by numismatists and often featured portraits of their rulers, showcasing their connection to Greek art and tradition.

The kingdom expanded its influence into the Indian subcontinent, coming into contact and conflict with indigenous Indian powers. The most famous Graeco-Bactrian ruler was Menander I, who is believed to have converted to Buddhism and is mentioned in ancient Buddhist texts. The Graeco-Bactrian kingdom eventually declined due to pressure from nomadic groups, most notably the Yuezhi, and possibly internal strife. Its legacy lies in the blending of Hellenistic and Indian cultures, evident in art, coinage, and historical accounts, representing a significant cultural bridge between East and West.