Gproteiinikytketyillä

Gproteiinikytketyillä, also known as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are a large family of membrane proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling. They are named for their ability to bind to guanine nucleotides and activate G-proteins, which in turn regulate various cellular processes. GPCRs are involved in a wide range of physiological functions, including sensory perception, hormone action, and neurotransmission.

GPCRs are characterized by seven transmembrane domains, which form a pocket for ligand binding. Upon ligand binding, GPCRs undergo a conformational change that activates the associated G-protein. This activation leads to the dissociation of the G-protein into its alpha and beta-gamma subunits, which then interact with downstream effectors to initiate intracellular signaling pathways.

The G-protein-coupled receptor family is one of the largest in the human genome, with over 800 members identified. They are classified into five main classes based on their sequence similarity and functional properties. These classes include rhodopsin-like receptors, secretin-like receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, free fatty acid receptors, and fungal pheromone receptors.

GPCRs are important targets for drug development, as they are involved in many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. The discovery and development of GPCR modulators have led to the creation of numerous therapeutic agents, such as beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and dopamine receptor agonists.