Gobos

Gobos are stencil-like templates used in stage, film, and architectural lighting to project a specific pattern, texture, or image. They are mounted in front of a light source so the beam passes through the cutouts, creating silhouettes or textures on surfaces such as walls, floors, or screens. Gobos enable rapid changes of atmosphere, simulate natural textures, and can display logos or branding in performances and events.

Gobos are typically divided into metal and glass types. Metal gobos, usually made from stainless steel or aluminum, are rugged and suitable for high-intensity fixtures but offer limited optical resolution. Glass gobos provide finer detail and can carry color information when used with layered or color-coated designs; they are more delicate and require appropriate handling and heat management. Both types are placed in purpose-built holders or gobo wheels inside the lighting fixture.

In use, the fixture's optics focus the light through the gobo to project the pattern at the intended size and sharpness. Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights and many modern moving-head fixtures use dedicated gobo wheels or slots. Some systems support rotation or multiple gobos for motion effects, while others use adjustable focus to change the projected size or blur the image.

Manufacture and customization: Gobos are produced by laser cutting or etching the pattern into metal discs or glass discs. Custom logos, textures, or text can be created by specialized manufacturers; gobos must match the fixture's slot size and mounting. Replacement gobos are sold in sets to accommodate different shows and fixtures.